The critical roles of mitochondria in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and cardiac aging have recently been reviewed detailedly ( 9– 12). Therefore, mitochondria serve as the central organelle responsible for coordinating the energy transduction and maintaining the contractile performance of CMs. It is also estimated that 60–90% of the energy adult hearts required is originated from the oxidation of fatty acid in mitochondria ( 8). Morphometry analysis has demonstrated that the contents of mitochondria occupy 22.0-37.0% of the CMs' mass in various species, and most importantly, the volume densities of mitochondria are closely related to heart rate and cardiac oxygen consumption rate ( 7). It is widely accepted that mitochondria serve as the power-house of cells and mitochondrial dysfunction often highly correlates with cell pathology, especially in cells requiring high-energy supply such as CMs. With the continuous deepening of research and updating of knowledge, energy metabolism has shown an increasingly compelling role in cardiac hypertrophy. Over the past few decades,extensive studies have established that previously unrecognized mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications, immunomodulation, impaired protein quality control, aberrant Ca2+ handling, metabolic reprogramming, and cell-to-cell interactions, are involved in the initiation and progression of cardiac hypertrophy ( 5). It is well established that pathological cardiac hypertrophy has become an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF), a major and growing public health problem globally with increasing morbidity, high mortality, and heavy economic burdens ( 6). Pressure/volume overload, Angiotensin II (Ang II), oxidants, activation of α/β adrenergic receptors, hypoxia, aging, and high-glucose are efficient inducers of pathological cardiac hypertrophy ( 5). In contrast, pathological hypertrophy, a decompensated stage with complex network of cellular and molecular regulation, usually observed in patients with long-term cardiovascular disorders, is accompanied by cardiac systolic/diastolic dysfunction and the enlargement of CMs is often irreversible ( 3, 4). Physiological hypertrophy, which usually occurs during pregnancy and exercise, is characterize with a coordinated increase in ventricular volume and wall thickness, most importantly, it is reversible once the stimulus was relieved ( 2). Cardiac hypertrophy can be generally divided into physiological and pathological hypertrophy. Therefore, in adult hearts, CMs have no capability of proliferating in response to prolonged pressure/volume overload instead, they exhibit morphological enlargement to continuously pump blood to provide oxygen and nutrients to the body, thus leading to the increased heart wall thickness and heart mass, and eventually cardiac hypertrophy ( 1). Our article is also to summarize the strategies of mitochondria-targeting as therapeutic targets to treat cardiac hypertrophy.Ĭardiomyocytes (CMs) are one of the most important cell types which become terminally differentiated once after birth. This article presents a summary review of the morphological and functional changes of mitochondria during the hypertrophic response, followed by an overview of the latest research progress on the significant modulatory roles of mitochondria in cardiac hypertrophy. The significant alterations in mitochondrial energetics and mitochondrial proteome composition, as well as the altered expression of transcripts that have an impact on mitochondrial structure and function, may contribute to the initiation and progression of cardiac hypertrophy. In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Sustained cardiac overload inevitably results in high energy consumption, thus breaking the balance between mitochondrial energy supply and cardiac energy demand. 3Department of Thyroid and Breast, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaĬardiac hypertrophy, a stereotypic cardiac response to increased workload, ultimately progresses to severe contractile dysfunction and uncompensated heart failure without appropriate intervention.2Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China.1Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.Dan Yang 1,2 †, Han-Qing Liu 3 †, Fang-Yuan Liu 1,2, Zhen Guo 1,2, Peng An 1,2, Ming-Yu Wang 1,2, Zheng Yang 1,2, Di Fan 1,2 * and Qi-Zhu Tang 1,2 *
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If you did not pay your toll at the Skyway Toll Plaza and cannot find your toll violation online, or if you are having trouble with our online payment system, please contact customer service for further assistance.ĪLL MISSED TOLL PAYMENTS MUST INCLUDE THE TOLL VIOLATION NUMBER AND THE ASSOCIATED LICENSE PLATE NUMBER SO YOUR VIOLATION CAN BE PROPERLY RELEASED. You have up to seven (7) days to pay your toll before any administrative or collection fees are assessed. You can also search for your toll violation on our website in the “Pay a Missed Toll” section. A toll collector or automated payment machine in your lane can issue a toll violation notice to you with payment instructions. If for any reason you cannot pay your toll at the lane, DO NOT back your vehicle out of the toll lane or drive through the gate – it is unsafe and can cause damage. The registered owner of a vehicle that travels through the Skyway Toll Plaza without payment of the proper toll is responsible for any and all missed tolls or violations, whether or not the unpaid toll was intentional or if someone else was driving the vehicle. These lanes are located on the left side of the toll plaza, however E-ZPass/I-PASS customers can use ANY toll lane!Ĭlick here for information on E-ZPass or I-PASS transponders Skyway only accepts United States currency up to $100 bills (foreign currency will NOT be accepted).Į-ZPASS/I-PASS ONLY lanes DO NOT accept cash. Check Toll Road 101 for more information.ĬASH is ONLY accepted in designated "CASH" lanes located on the right side of the toll plaza. Each method of payment will be clearly marked by signage while approaching the plaza and by electronic signs directly above each lane. Currently, the methods of payment accepted at the Chicago Skyway Toll Plaza are cash, major credit cards (MasterCard, Visa, American Express, etc.), and E-ZPass/I-PASS toll transponders. “The Big Crash”Īfter Eddie Money released his No Control album in 1982, he followed it with Where’s the Party? Unfortunately, it was not a huge success when compared to his previous albums. As soon as Spector heard the line, “Listen, honey, just like Ronnie sang, be my little baby,” Spector immediately jumped on board. However, with the song being a tribute to The Ronettes’ song, Money called Spector and asked her if she wanted to be part of it. Initially, it was supposed to be Martha Davis on the song. In the music video, we see Ronnie Spector, The Ronettes’ lead singer who was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2007, in silhouette singing the line “Be my little baby.” In 1963, a girl group called The Ronettes wrote a song called “Be My Baby.” Songwriters Peter Vale and Michael Leeson took it for a spin and wrote the song “Take Me Home Tonight” for Eddie Money, which has the alternative title “Be My Baby” as well. The bouncing car was also perhaps a reference to the title of the song. Yes, Eddie Money was doing it in the 80s before rappers did in the 90s. The track is also one of the first music videos to feature a souped-up hydraulic car. She then went on to give the persona in the song a striptease, and all the time, well, there was a lot of shakin’. The girl drives her dad’s car, and she puts the speaker on blast while they get high. It talks about being with a girl one night driving around town. “Shakin'” was co-written with Elizabeth Myers and Eddie’s bassist, Ralph Carter. “Shakin'”īy the time this track was released, Eddie Money was already on his fourth album. The song became a huge hit both locally and internationally, leading Eddie to sell more than two million copies of his album. In essence, Eddie was asking the girl to stay with him despite the challenges they were facing. This song was also inspired by the same girl whom he wrote “Two Tickets to Paradise” for, and maybe the lyrics also talk about the struggles they had during that time. It’s a hopeful song about a couple going through a difficult time and trying so hard to endure it by holding on to each other. It was written by Eddie himself and his guitarist Jimmy Lyon. “Baby Hold On” was the first-ever hit single from Eddie Money. Additionally, TV shows like The Office, Hawaii Five-0, The Simpsons, and King of the Hill also used the track. It became such a huge sensation that movies like Grown Ups, Balls of Fury, Good Kill, and Jennifer’s Body used the song. He released his self-titled album, and “Two Tickets to Paradise” was one of his first few hit singles. Upon getting Bill Graham as his manager, Eddie signed a record deal with Columbia. That’s the main inspiration for “Two Tickets to Paradise.” Sadly, the two of them broke up before Eddie was ever actually able to take her to paradise. While he was on the bus, he thought of taking the girl on a ride and going wherever they could to escape the life they currently have. In addition to this, Eddie was headed to court one time for a little trouble he got into. The girl’s mother prohibited her from seeing Eddie. However, the girl was well-off while Eddie, on the other hand, was financially struggling. When Eddie Money was still young, he moved to San Francisco to study at the University of California. Here are the best Eddie Money songs of all time you should listen to. If you want to know more about him, perhaps his songs will tell his story. Nonetheless, his husky voice still cemented him in the hearts of a million people around the globe. He got into some controversies in the span of his career, as most rock ‘n’ roll personalities did in the 70s. He used to be part of the police force in New York City but later found that he enjoys making music. He popularized some of the best hard rock and pop-rock songs that we still listen to today. Edward Joseph Mahoney, otherwise known as Eddie Money, is one of the most popular singers and songwriters during the late 1970s to 1980s. “Join the Parade” – Man in the Yellow Suit, Ensemble “ My Most Beautiful Day” – Mae, Angus, Ensemble “The Story of the Tucks” – Mae, Miles, Jesse “ Top of the World” – Jesse, Winnie, Ensemble “Good Girl Winnie Foster (Reprise)” – Winnie “Live Like This” – Winnie, Mae, Angus, Jesse, Miles, Man in the Yellow Suit, Ensemble * That said, if you’ve specifically been asked to sing a song from the show, you can find the sheet music for the best possible audition songs below. Unless you have been asked to, do not choose from the below songs for your audition! The following is more intended to be used for character research purposes. Here’s a list of the musical numbers in Tuck Everlasting, along with which characters sing in each of them. Want more songs? Check out these DIY Rep Books for EVERY vocal type! If you’re in need of some guidance on this step, you can always go through this FREE audition prep checklist! “Wilderness of Mirrors” in Audition Arsenal for Men in Their 20s➝Īfter collecting your materials and getting familiar with the show, it’s time to move forward with the actual preparation.“We’ll Figure It Out” in Monologues for Kids and Tweens➝.“Rooms” in Fantasy Monologues for Young Actors➝.“Moon Man Walk” in The Best Men’s Monologues from New Plays, 2019➝.“Ismene” in The Best Men’s Monologues from New Plays, 2019➝.If requested, here are a few audition monologues for Tuck Everlasting: “ What Do You Call a Man Like That?” – The Bridges of Madison County Psst… Here’s where you can find out your vocal type! “ After All of This and Everything” – Freaky Friday “ The Genius on Cleveland Street” – A Christmas Story “ It Must Be Believed to Be Seen” – Charlie and the Chocolate Factory “ The World Inside a Frame” – The Bridges of Madison County “ It All Fades Away” – The Bridges of Madison County “ When the Music Played” – Doctor Zhivago “ Waving Through a Window” – Dear Evan Hansen And when you’re ready, choose the song that you feel most comfortable with from the list below. To summarize, keep an open mind and try not to take the process too seriously. Every role is important, and you will earn valuable experience in a show.Īnd on that same note, even if you audition for the ensemble (and not a specific character), there’s always a chance you might get chosen for a leading/supporting role! I would suggest ticking that box and taking whatever you are offered. There’s usually a spot on the audition form asking if you are open to being in the ensemble or accepting a different role. Just keep in mind that if you audition for a specific character, you still might not be chosen for that particular role. Next, based on your personality and vocal type, decide whether you’d like to audition for the ensemble or a specific character. One way to do this is to listen to the Tuck Everlasting cast album➝ while reading through the synopsis. And even if it’s not requested, it’s generally assumed. In casting calls, they often ask for you to be “familiar with the show”. Make sure to select a song that’s appropriate for your specific casting call. Please read your audition details carefully, as they sometimes specify the type of song they’d like to hear (a ballad, something uptempo, etc.). This means that if you choose to make a purchase through one of the following links, we may earn a small commission on the sale at no additional cost to you. Please note: This post contains affiliate links. Also, many of the below songs have a wholesome/magical vibe or a hint of a country twang to them in order to match the style of the show. Since Tuck Everlasting is a contemporary musical, the songs below are all contemporary selections. So here’s our list of audition songs for Tuck Everlasting, broken down by character. That said, you should still show off similar vocals and personality. Do you have an upcoming audition for Tuck Everlasting? Well unless you have specifically been asked to sing a song from the show that you’re auditioning for, it’s generally best not to. Suppose you’re convinced by the app and want to access websites without restrictions, as well as add your favorite sites to the home screen for faster navigation. There are many apps out there that you need to pay for, make sure you get the right one. So, you can download and install a free app from the apple App Store called Split View – Multi Window. IPhone doesn’t have a built-in function to allow you to do this either. Now your iPhone or iPad is able to split the screen, and you can use its full potential by multitasking. And then, turn on three controls to allow multiple apps, gestures, and picture-in-picture.After that, go to the Home Screen and dock.At first, open Settings on your iPhone.To split your iPhone screen, follow the steps below to set up the dock: Because all the apps are located to launch, we need to set up the dock. The dock is the main component of the split-screen function of the Apple device. In this blog, I will tell you how to split the screen on iPhone or iPad. Now we can easily multitask on iPhone or iPad, which means you can now split the screen on iPhone or iPad. But the good news is that Apple has introduced some new and cool features to Apple devices, and multitasking is one of them. In the future, multitasking is something that a laptop or desktop computer can’t offer. You want to use the iPhone split screen mode? Lets find out in the following article. In addition, we explain what limitations are associated with the mode and how you can still enjoy all the benefits of a split screen. We’ll show you how to use the feature below. We’ll tell you how to use iPhone split screen and everything you need to know about it.Īpple is a bit cagey about the mode (for a good reason), and not everyone is clear about accessing it. With this feature, you can use two websites or apps at the same time. Owners of iPhone and iPad know how incredible Apple products are, and even a combination of these two can beat desktop computers or laptops by quite a bit. Trump scowled at times during the 50-minute hearing but was otherwise expressionless. “We most certainly enter a plea of not guilty,” he told the judge. He remained seated while lawyer Todd Blanche stood up and entered the plea on his behalf. Trump leaned over to whisper to his attorneys before the hearing began in a federal courtroom in Miami but did not speak during the proceedings. Trump was released without having to pay a bond after pleading not guilty Tuesday to federal charges that he hoarded classified documents and refused government demands to give them back. Smith spoke briefly Friday about the indictment but has otherwise remained out of public view. Jack Smith sat in the first row behind the prosecution’s table at Tuesday’s hearing in Miami federal court, where Trump pleaded not guilty to charges that he hoarded classified documents. The special counsel who brought charges against Trump attended the former president’s first court appearance in person. Trump’s aide and co-defendant, Walt Nauta, joined him at the eatery, helping people take selfies with Trump. Cuban exiles gathered there to celebrate Fidel Castro’s death in 2016. Versailles is a landmark that is a required stop for politicians visiting Miami. “We’ve got a government that is out of control.” Those in the room also sang “Happy Birthday” to Trump, who will turn 77 Wednesday. Inside, a group of people greeted him and laid hands on him in prayer. Trump’s first stop after court was the iconic Versailles restaurant and bakery in the Little Havana neighborhood. Lindell says he’s here “to support our real president, Donald Trump.” He called on Ron DeSantis to drop out of the presidential race and endorse Trump tomorrow. Guests as Trump’s Bedminster event include former Department of Justice official Kash Patel, Bernie Kerik and MyPillow conspiracist Mike Lindell. Trump’s supporters have begun to arrive at his Bedminster, New Jersey golf club, where he’s planning to deliver remarks responding to the charges after returning from his arraignment Tuesday night.ĭozens of white wedding chairs have been set up on the club’s stone patio before a stage decorated with American flags and red, white and blue bunting. SUPPORTERS GATHER AT NEW JERSEY GOLF CLUB “That’s not a reference to the president, the former president,” Biden said. After prompting hearty laughter from the crowd, Biden insisted he was not talking about Trump. Trump was known to have confiscated an interpreter’s notes after a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin. State Department chiefs of mission, Biden declined to comment on Trump’s arrest when asked by reporters.ĭuring his formal remarks at that event, Biden referred to simultaneous interpretation during his lengthy meetings with Chinese President Xi Jinping and then quipped: “I turned all my notes in.” “When it comes to criminal cases, we just do not comment.”Īt a reception honoring U.S. “That is why we have been very, very consistent,” Jean-Pierre said. Jean-Pierre did stress Tuesday that Biden was categorically not involved in any decision by the Justice Department to indict Trump and that he is focusing on restoring integrity to the department. He also said he had not had a chance to review all the materials transferred from the White House before FBI agents searched his Mar-a-Lago residence last year. Previewing a possible legal defense, Trump said he had a right to go through boxes and separate personal records from government documents. He aired his grievances to hundreds of supporters at his Bedminster golf club in New Jersey, hours after becoming the first former president to face charges in federal court. history that a former president faces criminal charges by the federal government he once oversaw.ĭonald Trump is characterizing the federal charges against him as “election interference and yet another attempt to rig and steal a presidential election.” The indictment marks the first time in U.S. MIAMI (AP) - Follow along for live updates on former President Donald Trump, who made his first court appearance Tuesday after being indicted on 37 charges related to the mishandling classified documents. And, if you want to know all about the Venus trine Pluto aspect, here is a complete rundown. The Venus trine Pluto aspect is considered to be a positive aspect that shows an easy and free-flowing relationship between both the planets without too much effort to manifest the energies between them. Company wards off Lilith’s negativity too.The planet Venus denotes exuberant, demonstrative and pure love and creativity, while the lord of the underworld, Pluto, influences other planets with his power, depth and intensity. Lilith’s negative traits are worked through and reflected in relationships. Natal Venus Trine Lilith (Black Moon): Empowerment comes from the romantic relationship with others or through harmony and teamwork. There is balance between socialization and isolation. There is a good balance between work and play. This person does not hesitate to relax and enjoy themselves. Natal Venus Trine Vesta: There can be a link between self care and materialism. Example, a parent living their talent or hobbies through a child. Could live artistically through others somehow. Natal Venus Trine Pallas: Another aspect for the artist! Can also surround themselves by artistic/creative people. A lack of energy and challenge may exist in their connections. Can easily get disappointed if a relationship lacks romance and luster. Fascinated by love stories at a young age. Natal Venus Trine Juno: Hopeless romantic. A clean, beautiful-looking place may be a real importance for a nurturing environment for them. There is likely a strong maternal vibe about this individual. Natal Venus Trine Ceres: Nurturing and taking care of a partner comes naturally for this person. But there is a lot of power here to help others and an advantage for attracting people who care for them. Know this can indicate someone who depends on others to “fix them”. Natal Venus Trine Chiron: Healing is done through relationships. The Trine can point to easily visualizing a future with others but lacking the action to create that future, think of this when looking at the lessons of the nodes. Natal Venus Trine North Node: Like the sextile, “Relationships pave the path towards fulfillment and karmic lessons.” Learning to take on conflict, overcoming unhealthy attachment and issues with jealousy may be here too. Can be attracted to more creative fields. Natal Venus Trine Midheaven: There is a huge desire for comfort in one’s future and job that can hold them back from risks, promotions, and opportunities. They are more laid back in how they approach the world. There can be a non confrontational element to this person. We see an ease with representation and a likable identity. Natal Venus Trine Ascendant: So prince/princess charming. The Trine makes one comfortable in their current emotional attachments. Venus Trine Pluto: There can be a fear of dealing with shallow relationships, letting go of control, possessiveness, and leaving ones comfort zone that the Trine doesn’t address. The Trine can cause one to get too comfortable with the idea of a person or of a relationship instead of the reality. Venus Trine Neptune: Illusions are centered on relationships and can continue to happen when one doesn’t put in effort to be discerning, patient, and practical. People may seek this person out for radical love advice or a different perspective on friendship or marriage. Rebellion through love somehow can happen here. There is a love for society and humanity for this individual. Independence is a trademark and it is common for other’s to admire or notice them for their different approach to relationships. Natal Venus Trine Uranus: This person feels comfortable on their own and prefers to stand out. Here an individual has an advantage to weed out partners and people who are unreliable, immature, and insecure. Saturn could throw some tough lessons about maturity into relationships but the Trine is typically not a challenging aspect. Natal Venus Trine Saturn: Relationships that are serious, long-term, and realistic or practical come easily for them. They are fascinated by friends and lovers who seem exotic. Indulgence, a sense of curiosity, and high spirits are abundant in their relationships. Exploration, expansion, learning, and teaching are important factors in love. Natal Venus Trine Jupiter: Honesty and openness are big traits to how this person approaches relationships. Wants and needs can appear balanced but know changing to fit a need or want can be slow, will put in little effort, or is nonexistent. With Earth there can be a lot of patience, Air acceptance, Water understanding, and Fire a friendly zeal. Their drive is about connection, feeling energized, and enjoying the company of others or physical pleasures. Tends to be a relaxed person who is not driven by conquest, competition, or jealousy. Natal Venus Trine Mars: Such harmony between their masculine and feminine energies. Related: A zipper wallet will let you zip around town without anything falling out. This makes it significantly thicker and heavier than most minimal bifolds or card holders, but it also allows it to carry a lot more. The Vaultskin Notting Hill utilizes the usefulness of zipper wallets and updates it with an elegant leather exterior. This offering completely resists the status quo, opting instead for a completely different design and function that sets it apart from the rest of the crowd. Not all wallets are created equal, although many of them are created practically indistinguishable from each other. Capacity: 10 cards, bills, keys, and other small items.The integrated internal money clip is perhaps even more impressive, well made and able to securely hold all the bills you can load into it.Ĭheck price on Amazon Vaultskin Notting Hill It offers 9 card pockets, a handy window for your driver’s license or school badge, and a practical outside pocket that is perfect for quick payments when out and about. The Phoenix is an excellent value and a good buy for anyone who wants an inexpensive bifold with an inside money clip.Īs for the specific features, Travando’s minimalist bifold has ample space for all your credit cards, bills, business cards, and ID needs. The appearance is stylish and sophisticated, the faux leather is surprisingly soft and supple, and the integrated money clip is a thick stainless steel. Everything about the construction and design feels incredibly solid and high-quality. Whoever came up with that obviously never knew anything about the Travando Mens Phoenix Bifold. The old saying goes that you get what you pay for. It also has space for 6 cards and a money clip inside that can hold just as many bills as bigger, bulkier bifolds. The outside of the wallet is equipped with a card access slot, so you can quickly whip out the card you need at a moment’s notice. This wallet keeps all the important stuff front, center, and easy to access. Related: Carbon fiber wallets with money clipsĮven with how tough it is built, Runbox’s offering still prioritizes function above all else. Even with extensive use and abuse, it should easily stand up to whatever you can throw at it. Its design is nice and simple with a quality leather construction made to keep your wallet durable for years to come. The latter will find the Runbox Minimalist Slim is everything they need and nothing they don’t. For others, that’s not even high on the list in comparison to durability and practicality. If we were scoring this wallet, it would get an A-plus for sure.įor some folks, looks are one of their most important considerations when picking a good bifold. Holding up to 8 credit cards, it provides more than enough space for all the essentials you need day in and out.Īs for cash, you can fit several bills in its sturdy inside money clip and all without adding unnecessary bulk. if you think of tattered, overstuffed wallets when you think of bifolds, this option will completely change your thinking.Įven with as beautiful and minimal as it is, Ybonne’s product still remains just as functional as the dad wallets of yore. The design is also sleek, modern, and sophisticated. It’s small, it’s slim, and it fits perfectly in a front pocket. In short, it is a beautiful leather wallet and at a shockingly reasonable price. While this list isn’t ranked in any particular order, the Ybonne minimalist wallet would still hang close to the number one slot if it was. With all the storage offered, just be sure to clean it out once in a while to minimize any additional bulk! The inside money clip is also perfect for storing small notes or necessary receipts. It’s ideal for keeping everything neat and tidy and ensures no more fumbling around at the store counter looking for the right card. Featuring a convenient ID slot, quick access section for a few cards, and additional space for yet a couple more. Depending on whether they’re embossed or flat, you can fit around 8 cards into it, and the stainless-steel money clip can hold plenty of folded cash.Įven better than the generous room for your heard earned money and credit cards, this wallet also has organization covered in spades. This option is sleek and masculine with plenty of room for all the credit cards, bills, and such that you might need. Looking for a classic with a little modern updating? Serman Brands Slim Bifold wallet might be the perfect fit for you. Materials: Available in both full-grain and top-grain leather. But it also includes the option to convert files between format. You've almost certainly heard of VLC, and even if you don't use it, you probably consider it to be a media player - which it is. The free version of the program has a great deal to offer, but if you upgrade to the Premium edition, you can enjoy additional features such as saving YouTube and other online videos as audio files, and the removal of ads. As well as working with audio and video files you have on your computer, Free Video Converter can be used to save audio from YouTube videos and other streaming services. All popular formats are supported, and to make your life easier there are lots of preset configurations for you to choose from - but of course, you can customize any of the format settings as required. It also gives you the opportunity to convert audio from DVDs and save it in MP3 or other audio formats. Wondershare Free Video Converter - Best Free Audio Converter for Windows/MacĪvailable for Windows and Mac, Wondershare Free Video Converter lets you convert a range of video formats into audio files. But why restrict yourself to converting between audio formats? If you have a video that you would like to extract the audio from, you can use a video to audio converter to convert from MP4 to MP3.īut where should you start? Here we take a look at the best desktop and online free audio converters to help you change files into the formats that suit you the best. Some lossless formats such as WAV produce huge files that can be difficult to manage, and this is when a WAV to MP3 proves handy. There are other reasons for wanting to convert between formats. For instance, Apple uses the M4A format for audio files, but MP3 is far more popular, so you may have been seeking an M4A to MP3 converter for the sake of ease. As such, you may well want to consider using an audio converter - or even an online audio converter - to save a file in a format that is more compatible or convenient. Just as with digital image formats, the world of audio formats is something of a minefield an audio track that plays on one device in a certain app may not work on another. Top 10 Best Online Free Audio Converters for Windows/Mac He also cited evidence (based on his own astronomical observations) that showed that the continents were moving with respect to each other, and determined a separation rate between Greenland and Scandinavia of 11 m per year, although he admitted that the measurements were not accurate. He argued that this could only have happened if these continents were once all connected as a single supercontinent. Wegener also referred to the evidence for the Carboniferous and Permian (~300 Ma) Karoo Glaciation in South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia (Figure 10.4). He relied heavily on matching geological patterns across oceans, such as sedimentary strata in South America matching those in Africa (Figure 10.3), North American coalfields matching those in Europe, and the mountains of Atlantic Canada matching those of northern Britain - both in morphology and rock type. Wegener pursued his theory with determination - combing the libraries, consulting with colleagues, and making observations - looking for evidence to support it. During the Permian, the supercontinent Pangea included the supercontinent Gondwana, shown here, along with North America and Eurasia. Wegener concluded that this distribution of fossils could only exist if these continents were joined together during the Permian, and he coined the term Pangea (“all land”) for the supercontinent that he thought included all of the present-day continents.įigure 10.1 Alfred Wegener a few years before his death in 1930 įigure 10.2 The distribution of several Permian terrestrial fossils that are present in various parts of continents that are now separated by oceans. In 1911 he happened on a scientific publication that included a description of the existence of matching Permian-aged terrestrial fossils in various parts of South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia (Figure 10.2). 10.1 Alfred Wegener - the Father of Plate TectonicsĪlfred Wegener (1880-1930) (Figure 10.1) earned a PhD in astronomy at the University of Berlin in 1904, but he had always been interested in geophysics and meteorology and spent most of his academic career working in meteorology. |
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